Rapid sequencing DNA - 16S Barcoding Kit 24 V14 (SQK-16S114.24)
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MinION: Protocol
Rapid sequencing DNA - 16S Barcoding Kit 24 V14 (SQK-16S114.24) V 16S_9199_v114_revE_11Dec2024
A protocol for amplifying the 16S rRNA gene from extracted gDNA.
- Genus-level bacterial identification
- Multiplex up to 24 different samples
- Compatible with R10.4.1 flow cells only
For Research Use Only
FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY
Contents
Introduction to the protocol
Library preparation
Sequencing and data analysis
Troubleshooting
æŠèŠ
A protocol for amplifying the 16S rRNA gene from extracted gDNA.
- Genus-level bacterial identification
- Multiplex up to 24 different samples
- Compatible with R10.4.1 flow cells only
For Research Use Only
1. Overview of the protocol
Introduction to the 16S Barcoding Kit 24 V14
This protocol describes how to carry out rapid barcoding of 16S amplicons using the 16S Barcoding Kit 24 V14 (SQK-16S114.24). Due to the presence of both highly conserved (adequate for universal primers and phylogenetic signal) and highly variant regions (different across species), the 16S rRNA gene is often used for sequence-based bacterial identification.
The 16S Barcoding Kit 24 V14 enables access to rapid 16S sequencing for organism identification. By narrowing down to a specific region of interest, you can see all the organisms in the sample without sequencing unnecessary regions of the genome, making the test quicker and more economical. There are 24 unique barcodes, allowing you to pool up to 24 different samples in one sequencing experiment.
After sequencing, you can perform downstream analysis using the EPI2ME 16S workflow (wf-16s) to classify 16S amplicons from your samples.
Steps in the sequencing workflow:
Prepare for your experiment
You will need to:
- Extract your gDNA, and check its length, quantity and purity using the Input DNA/RNA QC protocol. The quality checks performed during the protocol are essential in ensuring experimental success
- Ensure you have your sequencing kit, the correct equipment and third-party reagents
- Download the software for acquiring and analysing your data
- Check your flow cell to ensure it has enough pores for a good sequencing run
Library preparation
The table below is an overview of the steps required in the library preparation, including timings and stopping points.
Library preparation step | Process | Time | Stop option |
---|---|---|---|
16S barcoded PCR amplification | Amplify the 16S gene using barcodes supplied in the kit | 10 minutes + PCR | 4°C overnight |
Barcoded sample pooling and bead clean-up | Quantify and pool the barcoded samples and perform a library clean-up using beads | 15 minutes | 4°C short-term storage or for repeated use, such as re-loading your flow cell. -80°C for single-use long-term storage. |
Adapter ligation | Attach the rapid sequencing adapters to the to the DNA ends. | 5 minutes | We strongly recommend sequencing your library as soon as it is adapted. |
Priming and loading the flow cell | Prime the flow cell and load the prepared DNA library for sequencing | 5 minutes |
Sequencing and analysis
You will need to:
- Start a sequencing run using the MinKNOW software, which will collect raw data from the device and convert it into basecalled reads
- Optional: Start the EPI2ME software and select the wf-16S workflow
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Compatibility of this protocol
This protocol should only be used in combination with:
- 16S Barcoding Kit 24 V14 (SQK-16S114.24)
- R10.4.1 flow cells (FLO-MIN114)
- Flow Cell Wash Kit (EXP-WSH004)
- Rapid Adapter Auxiliary V14 (EXP-RAA114)
- Sequencing Auxiliary Vials V14 (EXP-AUX003)
- Flow Cell Priming Kit V14 (EXP-FLP004)
- MinION Mk1B - MinION Mk1B IT requirements document
- MinION Mk1C - MinION Mk1C IT requirements document
- MinION Mk1D - MinION Mk1D IT requirements document
2. Equipment and consumables
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- 10 ng high molecular weight genomic DNA
- 16S Barcoding Kit 24 V14 (SQK-16S114.24)
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- MinionãšGridIONã®Flow Cell
- LongAmp Hot Start Taq 2X Master Mix (NEB, M0533)
- Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) (50 mg/ml) (e.g Invitrogen⢠UltraPure⢠BSA 50 mg/ml, AM2616)
- Qubit dsDNA HS Assay Kit (Invitrogen, Q32851)
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- Nuclease-free water (e.g. ThermoFisher, AM9937)
- 1.5 ml Eppendorf DNA LoBind tubes
- Qubit⢠Assay Tubes (Invitrogen, Q32856)
- 0.2 ml èå£ã®PCRãã¥ãŒã
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- P100 ãããããšããã
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For this protocol, you will need 10 ng high molecular weight genomic DNA per barcode.
For optimal output, we currently do not recommend using fewer than 4 barcodes. If you wish to multiplex less than 4 samples, please ensure you split your sample(s) across multiple barcodes so at least 4 barcodes are run (e.g. for 2 samples, use 16S Barcode Primers 01-02 for sample A, and 16S Barcode Primers 03-04 for sample B). Please note that the required sample input for each barcode is 10 ng gDNA.
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Flow cell | ä¿èšŒããæå°æå¹ãã¢æ°ïŒä»¥äžã®æ°æªæºã®ãããŒã»ã«ã亀æ察象ãšãªããŸãïŒ |
---|---|
Flongle Flow Cell | 50 |
MinION/GridION Flow Cell | 800 |
PromethION Flow Cell | 5000 |
16S Barcoding Kit 24 V14 contents
Name | Acronym | Cap colour | No. of vials | Fill volume per vial (ÎŒl) |
---|---|---|---|---|
16S Barcode Primers 01-24 | 1-24 | - | 2 plates, 3 sets of barcodes per plate | 15 ÎŒl per well |
Rapid Adapter | RA | Green | 1 | 15 |
Adapter Buffer | ADB | Clear | 1 | 100 |
AMPure XP Beads | AXP | Clear cap, light teal label | 1 | 6,000 |
Elution buffer | EB | Black | 1 | 1,500 |
EDTA | EDTA | Blue | 1 | 700 |
Sequencing Buffer | SB | Red | 1 | 700 |
Library Beads | LIB | Pink | 1 | 600 |
Library Solution | LIS | White cap, pink label | 1 | 600 |
Flow Cell Flush | FCF | Clear cap, light blue label | 1 | 8,000 |
Flow Cell Tether | FCT | Purple | 1 | 200 |
Note: This product contains AMPure XP Reagent manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc. and can be stored at -20°C with the kit without detriment to reagent stability.
3. Library preparation
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- 10 ng high molecular weight genomic DNA
- 16S Barcodes in 96-well plate, at 1 ÎŒM each
- EDTA (EDTA)
- AMPure XP Beads (AXP)
- Elution Buffer (EB)
- Rapid Adapter (RA)
- Adapter Buffer (ADB)
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- LongAmp Hot Start Taq 2X Master Mix (NEB, M0533)
- Qubit dsDNA HS Assay Kit (Invitrogen, Q32851)
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- Nuclease-free water (e.g. ThermoFisher, AM9937)
- 1.5 ml Eppendorf DNA LoBind tubes
- Qubit⢠Assay Tubes (Invitrogen, Q32856)
- 0.2 ml èå£ã®PCRãã¥ãŒã
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- Thermal cycler
- å°åé å¿æ©
- Hula mixerïŒç·©ããã«å転ãããããµãŒïŒ
- Magnetic rack
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- Qubitèå å 床èšïŒãŸãã¯QCãã§ãã¯ã®ããã®åçåïŒ
- P1000 pipette and tips
- P200 pipette and tips
- P100 pipette and tips
- P20 pipette and tips
- P10 ãããããšããã
- P2 ãããããšããã
- Multichannel pipette and tips
Minimum 16S Barcode Primers use requirements
For optimal output, we currently do not recommend using fewer than 4 barcodes. If you wish to multiplex less than 4 samples, please ensure you split your sample(s) across barcodes so a minimum of 4 barcodes are run:
- For 1 sample, run your sample across 4 barcodes (e.g. 16S Barcode Primers 01-04 using 10 ng of sample A per barcode)
- For 2 samples, run each sample across two barcodes. (e.g. 16S Barcode Primers 01-02 for sample A, and 16S Barcode Primers 03-04 for sample B)
- For 3 samples, run two samples individually and one across 2 barcodes. (e.g. 16S Barcode Primer 01 and 16S Barcode Primer 02 for sample A and B respectively, and 16S Barcode Primers 03-04 for sample C)
Please note that the required sample input for each barcode is 10 ng gDNA.
CHECKPOINT
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Take one 96-well plate containing 16S barcodes. Break one set of barcodes (1-24, or as desired) away from the plate and return the rest to storage.
16S barcode plate layout:
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The 96-well plates are designed to break in one direction only. Strips, or multiple strips, of eight wells/barcodes can be removed from the plate at any one time.
Thaw the desired barcodes at room temperature.
Briefly centrifuge barcodes in a microfuge to make sure the liquid is at the bottom of the tubes and place on ice.
Thaw the LongAmp Hot Start Taq 2X Master Mix, spin down briefly, mix well by pipetting and place on ice.
Prepare the DNA in nuclease-free water.
- Transfer 10 ng of each genomic DNA sample into a 0.2 ml thin-walled PCR tube
- Adjust the volume to 15 ÎŒl with nuclease-free water
- Mix thoroughly by flicking avoiding unwanted shearing
- Spin down briefly in a microfuge
In each 0.2 ml thin-walled PCR tube containing a sample to be tested, prepare the following mixture:
Reagent | Volume |
---|---|
10 ng input DNA (from previous step) | 15 ÎŒl |
LongAmp Hot Start Taq 2X Master Mix | 25 ÎŒl |
Total | 40 ÎŒl |
Note: If the amount of input material is altered, the number of PCR cycles may need to be adjusted to produce the same yield.
Ensure the components are thoroughly mixed by pipetting and spin down briefly.
Using clean pipette tips, carefully pierce the foil surface of the required barcodes. Use a new tip for each barcode to avoid cross-contamination. Make a note of which barcode numbers will be run for each sample.
Using a multichannel pipette, mix the 16S barcodes by pipetting up and down 10 times. Transfer 10 ÎŒl of each 16S Barcode into respective sample-containing tubes.
Ensure the components are thoroughly mixed by pipetting the contents of the tubes 10 times and spin down.
Note: Mix gently to minimise introducing air bubbles to the reactions.
Amplify using the following cycling conditions:
Cycle step | Temperature | Time | No. of cycles |
---|---|---|---|
Initial denaturation | 95 °C | 1 min | 1 |
Denaturation | 95 °C | 20 secs | 25 |
Annealing | 55 °C | 30 secs | 25 |
Extension | 65 °C | 2 mins | 25 |
Final extension | 65 °C | 5 mins | 1 |
Hold | 4 °C | â |
Thaw reagents at room temperature, spin down briefly using a microfuge and mix by pipetting as indicated by the table below:
Reagent | 1. Thaw at room temperature | 2. Briefly spin down | 3. Mix well by pipetting or vortexing |
---|---|---|---|
Rapid Adapter (RA) | Not frozen | â | Pipette |
Adapter Buffer (ADB) | â | â | Vortex or Pipette |
AMPure XP Beads (AXP) | â | â | Mix by vortexing immediately before use |
Elution Buffer (EB) | â | â | Vortex or Pipette |
EDTA (EDTA) | â | â | Vortex or Pipette |
Note: Once thawed, keep all reagents on ice.
Add 4 µl of EDTA to each barcoded sample, mix thorougly by pipetting and spin down briefly.
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EDTA is added at this step to stop the reaction.
Incubate for 5 minutes at room temperature.
Quantify 1 µl of each barcoded sample using a Qubit fluorometer (or equivalent) for QC check.
Pool all barcoded samples in equimolar ratios in a 1.5 ml Eppendorf DNA LoBind tube.
Note: Please ensure you have quantified your samples prior to this step and take forward an equimolar concentration of each of the samples for optimal barcode balancing. Samples may vary in concentration following the barcoded PCR, therefore the volume of each barcoded sample added to the pool will be different.
Resuspend the AMPure XP Beads (AXP) by vortexing.
To the pool of barcoded samples, add a 0.6X volume ratio of resuspended AMPure XP Beads (AXP) and mix by pipetting:
Volume of barcoded sample pool | 37.5 ÎŒl | 75 ÎŒl | 150 ÎŒl | 300 ÎŒl | 600 ÎŒl |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Volume of AMPure XP Beads (AXP) | 22.5 ÎŒl | 45 ÎŒl | 90 ÎŒl | 180 ÎŒl | 360 ÎŒl |
Note: Table contains example volumes for reference. Please adjust the volume of AMPure XP Beads (AXP) added for the volume of your barcoded sample pool to ensure a 0.6X volume ratio.
Incubate on a Hula mixer (rotator mixer) for 5 minutes at room temperature.
Prepare 2 ml of fresh 80% ethanol in nuclease-free water.
Briefly spin down the sample and pellet on a magnetic rack until supernatant is clear and colourless. Keep the tube on the magnetic rack, and pipette off the supernatant.
Keep the tube on the magnet and wash the beads with 1 ml of freshly-prepared 80% ethanol without disturbing the pellet. Remove the ethanol using a pipette and discard.
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Remove the tube from the magnetic rack and resuspend the pellet by pipetting in 15 µl Elution Buffer (EB). Spin down and incubate for 5 minutes at room temperature.
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Remove and retain 15 µl of eluate into a clean 1.5 ml Eppendorf DNA LoBind tube.
- Remove and retain the eluate which contains the DNA library in a clean 1.5 ml Eppendorf DNA LoBind tube
- Dispose of the pelleted beads
CHECKPOINT
Quantify 1 µl of eluted sample using a Qubit fluorometer.
Transfer 50 fmol of your eluted sample into a clean 1.5 ml Eppendorf DNA LoBind tube. Make up the volume to 11 µl with Elution Buffer (EB).
In a fresh 1.5 ml Eppendorf DNA LoBind tube, dilute the Rapid Adapter (RA) as follows and pipette mix:
Reagent | Volume |
---|---|
Rapid Adapter (RA) | 1.5 ÎŒl |
Adapter Buffer (ADB) | 3.5 ÎŒl |
Total | 5 ÎŒl |
Add 1 µl of the diluted Rapid Adapter (RA) to the barcoded DNA.
Mix gently by flicking the tube, and spin down.
Incubate the reaction for 5 minutes at room temperature.
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The prepared library is used for loading into the flow cell. Store the library on ice until ready to load.
4. Priming and loading the MinION and GridION Flow Cell
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- Flow Cell Flush (FCF)
- Flow Cell Tether (FCT)
- Library Solution (LIS)
- Library Beads (LIB)
- Sequencing Buffer (SB)
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- MinionãšGridIONã®Flow Cell
- Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) (50 mg/ml) (e.g Invitrogen⢠UltraPure⢠BSA 50 mg/ml, AM2616)
- 1.5 ml Eppendorf DNA LoBind tubes
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Using the Library Solution
For most sequencing experiments, use the Library Beads (LIB) for loading your library onto the flow cell. However, for viscous libraries it may be difficult to load with the beads and may be appropriate to load using the Library Solution (LIS).
Sequencing BufferïŒSBïŒãLibrary BeadsïŒLIBïŒãŸãã¯Library SolutionïŒLISã䜿çšããå Žåã®ã¿ïŒãFlow Cell TetherïŒFCTïŒããã³Flow Cell FlushïŒFCFïŒã宀枩ã§è解ããŠããããã«ããã¯ã¹ã§æ··åããŸãããã®åŸãã¹ãã³ããŠã³ããŠæ°·äžã§ä¿åããŸãã
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MinION R10.4.1ãããŒã»ã«ïŒFLO-MIN114ïŒã§ã®æé©ãªã·ãŒã¯ãšã³ã¹æ§èœãšåºååäžã®ããã«ããããŒã»ã«ã®ãã©ã€ãã³ã°ããã¯ã¹ã«æçµæ¿åºŠ0.2 mg/mlã§Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) ãæ·»å ããããšãæšå¥šããŸãã
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To prepare the flow cell priming mix with BSA, combine the following reagents in a fresh 1.5 ml Eppendorf DNA LoBind tube. Mix by inverting the tube and pipette mix at room temperature:
Reagents | Volume per flow cell |
---|---|
Flow Cell Flush (FCF) | 1,170 µl |
Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) at 50 mg/ml | 5 µl |
Flow Cell Tether (FCT) | 30 µl |
Final total volume in tube | 1,205 µl |
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Sequencing Buffer (SB) | 37.5 µl |
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5. Data acquisition and basecalling
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6. Flow cell reuse and returns
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- Flow Cell Wash Kit (EXP-WSH004)
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7. Downstream analysis
Post-basecalling analysis
We recommend performing downstream analysis using EPI2ME which facilitates bioinformatic analyses by allowing users to run Nextflow workflows in a desktop application. EPI2ME maintains a collection of bioinformatic workflows which are curated and actively maintained by experts in long-read sequence analysis.
Further information about the available EPI2ME workflows are available here, along with the Quick Start Guide to start your first bioinformatic workflow.
The 16S workflow (wf-16s) is a Nextflow workflow leveraging the power of wf-metagenomics for identification of the origin of reads from targeted amplicon sequencing. The workflow has two modes of operation, it can use either kraken2 or minimap2 to determine the origin of reads.
More information on the EPI2ME 16S workflow (wf-16s) can be found here.
For installation instructions please click here.
Additional options for further analysing your basecalled data include:
1. Research analysis tools
Oxford Nanopore Technologies' Research division has created a number of analysis tools, that are available in the Oxford Nanopore GitHub repository. The tools are aimed at advanced users, and contain instructions for how to install and run the software. They are provided as-is, with minimal support.
2. Community-developed analysis tools
If a data analysis method for your research question is not provided in any of the resources above, please refer to the Bioinformatics section of the Resource centre. Numerous members of the Nanopore Community have developed their own tools and pipelines for analysing nanopore sequencing data, most of which are available on GitHub. Please be aware that these tools are not supported by Oxford Nanopore Technologies, and are not guaranteed to be compatible with the latest chemistry/software configuration.
8. Issues during DNA/RNA extraction and library preparation
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Low DNA recovery after AMPure bead clean-up
Observation | Possible cause | Comments and actions |
---|---|---|
Low recovery | DNA loss due to a lower than intended AMPure beads-to-sample ratio | 1. AMPure beads settle quickly, so ensure they are well resuspended before adding them to the sample. 2. When the AMPure beads-to-sample ratio is lower than 0.4:1, DNA fragments of any size will be lost during the clean-up. |
Low recovery | DNA fragments are shorter than expected | The lower the AMPure beads-to-sample ratio, the more stringent the selection against short fragments. Please always determine the input DNA length on an agarose gel (or other gel electrophoresis methods) and then calculate the appropriate amount of AMPure beads to use. |
Low recovery after end-prep | The wash step used ethanol <80% | DNA will be eluted from the beads when using ethanol <80%. Make sure to use the correct percentage. |
9. Issues during the sequencing run using a Rapid-based sequencing kit
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Pore occupancy below 40%
Observation | Possible cause | Comments and actions |
---|---|---|
Pore occupancy <40% | Not enough library was loaded on the flow cell | 10â50 fmol of good quality library can be loaded on to a MinION Mk1B/GridION flow cell. Please quantify the library before loading and calculate mols using tools like the Promega Biomath Calculator, choosing "dsDNA: µg to pmol" |
Pore occupancy close to 0 | The Rapid PCR Barcoding Kit V14 was used, and sequencing adapters did not attach to the DNA | Make sure to closely follow the protocol and use the correct volumes and incubation temperatures. A Lambda control library can be prepared to test the integrity of reagents. |
Pore occupancy close to 0 | No tether on the flow cell | Tethers are added during flow cell priming (FCT tube). Make sure FCT was added to FCF before priming. |
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