Dysbiosis of the subgingival microbiome and relation to periodontal disease in association with obesity and overweight

Obesity is a global public health issue, that can cause various diseases in different organs and systems in the body such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and some types of cancer.
Obesity is also recognizable as a cause of diseases in the oral cavity.
The oral cavity hosts one of the most diverse microbial communities within the human body.
The oral microbiome is nowadays considered as a key determinant of oral and systemic health.
Microbiota can influence the host’s metabolic functions either directly by affecting energy and nutrient availability or indirectly via modulation of signalling pathways through bacterial by-products as short chain fatty acids.
Obesity causes gut dysbiosis; nevertheless, little is known on the oral microbiome.
Thus, it is important to analyze microbiota alteration in the obese and overweight populations to understand the changes in the microbiome, and relation to various diseases, including those affecting the oral cavity.