Main menu

Abundance and diversity of phages, microbial taxa and antibiotic resistance genes in the sediments of the river Ganges through metagenomic approach


In the present study, we have analyzed the metagenomic DNA from the pooled sediment sample of the river Ganges to explore the abundance and diversity of phages, microbial community and antibiotic resistance genes. Utilizing data from Illumina platform, 4174 (∼0.0013%) reads were classified for the 285 different DNA viruses largely dominated by the group of 260 distinctive phages (3602 reads, ∼86.3%). Among all, Microcystis (782 hits), Haemophilus (403), Synechococcus (386), Pseudomonas (279), Enterococcus (232), Bacillus (196), Rhodococcus (166), Caulobacter (163), Salmonella (146), Enterobacteria (143), Mycobacterium (128), Propionibacterium (71), Erwinia (70), Ralstonia (56) phages shows the highest abundance and account for approximately 90% of the total identified phages.

Additionally, we have also identified corresponding host pertaining to these phages. Mainly, Proteobacteria (∼69.3%) dominates the microbial population structure. Primarily orders such as Caulobacterales (∼28%), Burkholderiales (∼13.9%), Actinomycetales (∼13.7%), Pseudomonadales (∼7.5%) signify the core section. Further, 21869 (∼0.00695%) reads were classified in 20 ARG types (classes) and 240 ARGs (subtypes) among which 4 ARG types namely multidrug resistance (MDR) (12041 reads, ∼55%), bacitracin (3202 reads, ∼15%), macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS) (1744 reads, ∼7.98%), and fosmidomycin (990 reads, ∼4.53%) has the highest abundance.

Simultaneously, six resistance mechanisms were also recognized with the dominance of antibiotic efflux (72.8%, 15919 reads). The results unveil the distribution of (pro)-phages; microbial community and various ARGs in the Ganges river sediments. Further research on these identified phage(s) could be used in phage-based therapeutics against pathogenic bacteria.

Authors: Narender Kumar, Amit Kumar Gupta, Sarabjeet Kour Sudan, Deepika Pal, Vinay Randhawa, Girish Sahni, Shanmugam Mayilraj, Manoj Kumar

入门指南

购买 MinION 启动包 Nanopore 商城 测序服务提供商 全球代理商

联系我们

Intellectual property Cookie policy Corporate reporting Privacy policy Terms & conditions Accessibility

关于 Oxford Nanopore

Contact us 领导团队 媒体资源和联系方式 投资者 在 Oxford Nanopore 工作 BSI 27001 accreditationBSI 90001 accreditationBSI mark of trust
Chinese flag